Dobroslav Pustaj

“Before I was to be released, about one and a half month before it, certain guests came to Valdice in Jičína District, one gentleman and one lady. I didn’t know that man at all. They led me to the office, where would be only three people, and he said to the guard, ‘Go out! Nobody will be here!’ And when the guard left the room, ‘Oh, Slávek, how are you doing here?’ ‘It is not possible, you are Zdeněk, aren’t you?’ Zdeněk Rohlena, foreign soldier and colonel, and his sister, a chairwoman of the Rehabiliattion Committe of the Union of the Political Fighters (SPB), came to see me and said, ‘I will go with you.’ However, I didn’t know I was about to be released. Before they came, they founded the club K231 in Prague and as the communists didn’t want me to be there I had to spend some more time in prison. It was only a show from them because they forced me for example to watch the television. I didn’t want it. ‘You have prohibited me from watching TV, so I won’t go there.’‘You have to, it is an order!’ And they sang songs about the youth, Santa Anna Marie, Bývalo nevšedných krás (There used to be a lot of extraordinary beauties), and Zdál se mi sen mladícky (I had a dream of an adolescent boy) and the like, those also were the words. Simonová sang them. However, it wasn’t important; they only wanted me to forget about everything that had happened to me. Of course, I didn’t. And I never will.”

“Later, still in the same isolation, I went to the yard and there was the superintendent Kaňoch. I know he fared badly, I mean in his old age. I have always believed in the mills of God. He said, ‘Halt!’ I stopped walking. He said some affront, I can’t remember which exactly, but I know he insulted me. However, I didn’t react. I stood normally there just like an ordinary person usually stands, I mean a civilian. And he said, ‘Why don’t you stand in attention?’ He stood there astride. And I responded, ‘I was arrested when I was conscript without any basic training, so I am standing the way my legs grew, commander. However, you are wearing an emblem, the state symbol, and you are giving orders, so you should stand in attention.’ And he replied, ‘Right, you get five.’ What did the five mean? It meant five days of correction, five days in a concrete catafalque where people ate only once in five days. Half portion, every morning two decilitres of warm water. It was disgusting.”

“How did the investigation look like? In the communist era there were no instructions from the prosecutor to say something special, nothing like that. The first words the prosecutor, the State Security member, told me were, ‘Speak about your criminal activities!’ I was staring at him because I didn’t consider my belief in democracy to be the criminal deed. It was normal. However, he repeated, ‘Speak about your criminal activities!’ And he repeated those words for the half of the day. And I told him, ‘I am not aware of any criminal activities of mine,’ so then I used to present myself in Leopoldov prison the way, which was well-known among the prisoners, ‘Sentenced, almost innocent, reports the arrival.’ ‘Why almost?’ I was guilty only because I let them catch me even though I did nothing unlawful. The matter of democracy was absolutely natural for me. I mean the real democracy, not the people’s one.”

“As for the prison, immediately after I had been arrested, no investigation followed. I wasn’t allowed to say a word on the way from Tatranská Lomnica to Košice. The guard told me, ‘Be quiet, and don’t say a letter!’ It was a long way in silence. We stopped somewhere midway and they gave me a small roll to eat as they were ordered to give me some food not to die of hunger. There I had to strip naked, of course, and they gave me a kind of prison clothing or something like that and took me to my cell. Nothing else happened that day. They had to place other people arrested that day somewhere and only after that the investigation started.”

“During the communist era it was usual that one or another came to me and said, ‘Slavko, they wanted me to join the party.’ Thirty years after the communist takeover. And after thirteen years that I spent in prison! ‘What should I do?’ And he was a very wise boy. Thus I told him, ‘You know what, Janko, don’t feel embarrassed and join them. If you enter the party, there will be no dunce and maybe you will promote some good ideas there.’ And I know he really championed a lot of good. He got there and followed my advice, you know, he listened to me and behaved that way. He came, said, and I think more of us could do this illegal work. Legal illegality, indeed.”

“In the year 1948 when I was a young boy, I worked in the so-called silk weaving mill in the plants processing cotton in Ružomberok. They were previously called Mautner enterprises. There I experienced the following. On February 25, I was working in the morning shift, when suddenly a man in dungarees with a charged rifle and a red strip came and said, ‘Everybody out, it’s the general strike!’ He switched the lights and the machines in the hall off and forced us to go to such storeroom to demonstrate. There I witnessed what that February was like. Then I started plotting various strategies along with my friends, who were allowed to continue their studies at that time and who became my accomplices later. We wanted to fight against the regime because we knew one important thing, namely that 62% of the Slovak voters, we hadn’t had the right to vote yet, casted their vote to the democratic party.

“In 1953, at the beginning of the year, four buses with prisoners came to the Central Camp, to the C building in Ostrov nad Ohří. Everybody got the number, we had to strip naked, of course, and we were injected against tetanus into incorrect places. For example I was injected into my breast, which is not a common place for the tetanus vaccination. We spent three days there to familiarize with the conditions and then they drove us to the camps. Everybody got a number. Political prisoners were marked with A or A0. Numbers beginning with 0 were followed by the A line. I belonged to that second line and in 1953 I got the number A0, 9694. My accomplice, who died several years ago, had the number 9646 because his name began with the letter B, not P as it was in my case. And the rest of my accomplices were driven to other camps.”

"Well, the investigation was very hard. Every morning they throw some towel to me, blindfolded me, and at noon they took me downstairs. If I managed to uncover at least one eye to see something, I was fortunate that I didn’t kill myself on the stairs. The investigations were really strenuous. I can’t even count all those hours that I spent in the remand centre during the half-year or maybe longer than a half-year period. Then, of course, the investigation itself took even two days without a break, only the State Security members took turns after three hours. But I had to sit there even though my eyelids were drooping; moreover, they poured water on me to wake me up. They knew how to handle it. Then, they forced me to sit there and didn’t let me change my clothes. ‘Sit here and wait until your clothes become dry!’ You know, the conditions were really hard there and if I hadn’t had lieutenant Marky as the investigator, I wouldn’t have survived. He was much more human than the investigator in Košice or the others.”

“The main program lay in the ideology among the people. We railed against the fact that people were being deprived of their lands and prosperous businesses were being nationalized and then went bankrupt. We know how it was. We were against those sharp practices and we knew how to step in. Our people were everywhere. The organization was huge; however, I knew only a small circle of people. The reason was that we worked under the system of three, so only three people could be in contact and cooperate. The third person usually found other two to cooperate and the first two did not know about them, they shouldn’t have known them. If everybody had respected this rule, there would have been less people taken to prison. Unfortunately, somewhere people were talking about the coup to be held the next day. I knew it wasn’t the truth; it wasn’t prepared for the next day. I didn’t know it would take place forty years later, of course, but I knew it would happen.”