Alica Frühwaldová

* 1947

  • „Later on, they called me and wanted to know what they were talking about. Just when there was an official group. And I told them then that I was just an interpreter. I have no right to talk about what they were talking about. And in the end, it was a friendly visit, it was just an acquaintance. And I told them that I had nothing to tell you, I don't know about anything that would be dangerous or anything like that. They asked me, they called me, but... Was it normal state security that contacted you like that? Yes, yes. Yeah. And then once I went... Then once my husband, he was also a psychologist, he did sports psychology mainly. And he had such a very unpleasant experience. They were at a Czech Television convention in Prague and were returning, they were just sitting in a compartment, and there was a debate and at that time I don't know who the president of the United States was, but someone started to swear at the American president, it was probably a provocation, someone in that compartment started to swear at the American president. And my husband said at the time that he thought that the president shouldn't be cursed at, that it was a certain position that he had earned and deserved and shouldn't be cursed at. And then they started calling him what he meant. He had such problems.“

  • „Her aunt, my grandfather's sister, or my mother's father's sister, and her family remained in Brezno. And we visited very often. Either they came here or we went to Brezno. And my mother, whenever we went to Brezno, always said: Oh, I don't like Brezno. I always asked her: Mom, you know... We were brought up in a socialist way, to our hometown and so on. So I always asked Mom, but it's your hometown, how is it possible that you don't like going to Brezno? And then she told me, what I understood only later, that... It was still only the 50s when we went there and we went later too, only then they moved to Israel, so it was mainly the 50s. And that mother always said: You know, I'm afraid that I'll see someone in my father's coat or in my mother's dress, or that there will be a curtain somewhere or there won't be one or the window will be open and I'll see our paintings, because they were people from Brezno who were taking apart our things. And that was probably the only thing she mentioned about Aryanization and the situation that existed before.“

  • „Mr. Potančok brought them to the bunker. He would bring them food twice, sometimes three times a week, and they would share a little bit, they would share the food. They were practically starving. And what if they did? And then one day, in the middle of the evening, in the dark, Mr. Potančok's son Janko came running to the bunker. And he told them that they should leave the bunker because the guards had taken Mr. Potančok and someone else from Ľubietová and taken him to Bystrica, saying that they would probably interrogate him. And he didn't know if they would torture him and if he would be able to overcome the hardships and if he wouldn't tell where the bunker was. Because people had seen him going to that mountain. Even though he worked at the sawmill, they saw that he often went with a backpack and so on. So someone must have reported him. And this Janko came running to the bunker, it was around Christmas, before Christmas, and said that they should leave, because it could happen that under pressure and under that suffering, Mr. Potančok might reveal where they were. So these 12 people, after those two and a half months, because they had been there since the end of October... But it was the end of October, November, December, so after those two and a half months, they went up.“

  • „Nobody, not my parents, not us, not my brother, not... We were not in any party. I emphasize, not even the communist party. But my father after the war, when it seemed to him that communism would be a better solution, he said that he and his brother-in-law, my father's sister's husband, went to the workers' house. And they said that they would join the communist party. But he said that when they entered that hall and when they saw how many guardsmen there were, whom they were afraid of during the war, and when they saw them sitting in those rows and waiting to be in the communist party, they turned around and they were done with the communist party.“

  • Celé nahrávky
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    Bratislava – Banská Bystrica, 11.12.2020

    (audio)
    délka: 02:32:26
    nahrávka pořízena v rámci projektu Stories of the 20th century
Celé nahrávky jsou k dispozici pouze pro přihlášené uživatele.

Mom was afraid that she would see someone in Dad‘s coat or Mom‘s dress. After the deportation, the people of Brezno took apart their belongings

Alica Frühwaldová was born on December 11, 1947 in Banská Bystrica with the surname Belanová. Her father, Oskár Berger, had his surname changed after World War II to sound more Slavic. He lost seven siblings during the war. Her mother‘s parents and sister, Edita, née Mittelmannová, were deported in the first transports in 1942. Edita survived because her husband had an economic exemption. They hid in cellars and bunkers around Banská Bystrica for the rest of the war. Alica compiled their story into a book called „How Much Love Did I Lose“. Thanks to the cantors, Alica was struck by the desire to teach and play sports in elementary school. At the Secondary General Education School (1963 – 1966), she played basketball for Slavia Banská Bystrica. She studied English at the Faculty of Education in Trnava (1966 – 1970). There she met her husband Ivan. She worked as a primary school teacher (1970 – 1978) and an English professor at a gymnasium in Banská Bystrica (1979 – 1991). After the onset of normalization, textbooks began to be censored. They checked her because of her father. Since she worked as an interpreter for official visits to the city or for youth sports groups, she was monitored and interrogated by the Slovak Security Service. Since 1992, she has worked as a manager of the English Teaching Resource Centre of the British Council in Banská Bystrica. In Bystrica, she and her brother and a few others started organizing the Maccabiada – Jewish sports games. She was involved in the founding of the Not in Our Town initiative, in the creation of the Human Forum, Embargo, and Living Libraries projects, which she went to speak at. She also taught at the University of the Third Age. In 2020, she lives in Banská Bystrica, has a son, two daughters, and six grandchildren.